Publications
2023
Clara Chew, Eric Small, Hannah Huelsing, (2023). Flooding and inundation maps using interpolated CYGNSS reflectivity observations, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 293, 113598, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113598.
2022
Modi, P. A., E. E. Small, J. Kasprzyk, and B. Livneh, (2022). Investigating the Role of Snow Water Equivalent on Streamflow Predictability during Drought. J. Hydrometeor., 23, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0229.1.
Wobus C, Small E. E., Carbone J. C., *Modi P., Kamen H., Szafranski W., Livneh B. (2022).Water Allocation, Return Flows, and Economic Value in Water-Scarce Environments: Results from a Coupled Natural-Human System Model. Water. 14 (20) (October 01, 2022): ARTN 3280.
*Wernicke L.J., Chew C.C., Small E. E., Das N.N. (2022). Downscaling SMAP Brightness Temperatures to 3 km Using CYGNSS Reflectivity Observations: Factors That Affect Spatial Heterogeneity. Remote Sensing. 14 (20) (October 01, 2022): ARTN 5262.
*Bonner H.M., *Smyth E., Raleigh M.S., Small E.E.. (2022). A Meteorology and Snow Data Set From Adjacent Forested and Meadow Sites at Crested Butte, CO, USA. Water Resources Research. 58 (9) (September 01, 2022): ARTN e2022WR033006.
*Smyth, E. J., Raleigh, M. S., & Small, E. E. (2022). The Challenges of Simulating SWE Beneath Forest Canopies are Reduced by Data Assimilation of Snow Depth. Water Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030563
*Bonner, H. M., Raleigh, M. S., & Small, E. E. (2022). Isolating forest process effects on modelled snowpack density and snow water equivalent. Hydrological Processes, 36( 1), e14475. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14475
Raleigh, M. S., Gutmann, E. D., Van Stan, J. T., Burns, S. P., Blanken, P. D., & Small, E. E. (2022). Challenges and capabilities in estimating snow mass intercepted in conifer canopies with tree sway monitoring. Water Resources Research, 58, e2021WR030972. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030972
2020
Chew, C. and Small, E. (2020). Description of the UCAR/CU Soil Moisture Product. Remote Sensing, 12, 1558, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101558.
Chew, C. and Small, E. (2020). Estimating inundation extent using CYGNSS data: A conceptual modeling study, Remote Sensing of Environment, 246, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111869.
*Smyth, E. J., Raleigh, M. S., & Small, E. E. (2020). Improving SWE estimation with data assimilation: The influence of snow depth observation timing and uncertainty. Water Resources Research, 56, e2019WR026853. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026853.
2019
Abolafia-Rosenzweig, R., Livneh B., &Small, E. E. (2019). Soil Moisture Data Assimilation to Estimate Irrigation Water Use. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 3670-3690. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001797.
Enzminger, T. L., Small, E. E., & Borsa, A. A. (2019). Subsurface water dominates Sierra Nevada seasonal hydrologic storage. Geophysical Research Letters, 54, 581-599. doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084589.
*Smyth, E. J., Raleigh, M. S., & Small, E. E. (2019). Particle filter data assimilation of monthly snow depth observations improves estimation of snow density and SWE. Water Resources Research, 55. doi:10.1029/2018WR023400.
2018
Small, E. E., Badger, A. M., *Abolafia-Rosenzweig, R. & Livneh, B. (2018). Estimating soil evaporation using drying rates determined from satellite-based soil moisture records. Remote Sensing, 10(12). doi:10.3390/rs10121945.
Chew, C., Reager, J. T., & Small, E. (2018). CYGNSS data map flood inundation during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. Scientific Reports, 8(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27673-x
Fairfax, E., & Small, E. E. (2018). Using remote sensing to assess the impact of beaver damming on riparian evapotranspiration in an arid landscape. ECOHYDROLOGY, 11(7), 14 pages. doi:10.1002/eco.1993
Chew, C. C., & Small, E. E. (2018). Soil Moisture Sensing Using Spaceborne GNSS Reflections: Comparison of CYGNSS Reflectivity to SMAP Soil Moisture. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 45(9), 4049-4057. doi:10.1029/2018GL077905
Murphy, B. P., Johnson, J. P. L., Gasparini, N. M., Hancock, G. S., & Small, E. E. (2018). Weathering and abrasion of bedrock streambed topography. GEOLOGY, 46(5), 459-462. doi:10.1130/G40186.1
Small, E. E., Roesler, C. J., & Larson, K. M. (2018). Vegetation Response to the 2012-2014 California Drought from GPS and Optical Measurements. REMOTE SENSING, 10(4), 16 pages. doi:10.3390/rs10040630.
Enzminger, T. L., Small, E. E., & Borsa, A. A. (2018). Accuracy of snowwater equivalent estimated from GPS vertical displacements: A synthetic loading case study for western U.S. mountains., Water Resources Research, 54, 581-599. https://doi.org/10.1002/ 2017WR021521.
Shellito, P. J., Small, E. E., and Livneh, B., (2018) Controls on surface soil drying rates observed by SMAP and simulated by the Noah land surface model,, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1649-1663, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1649-2018..
S.K. Chan, R. Bindlish, P. O'Neill,. Y. Kerr, (2018) Development and assessment of the SMAP enhanced passive soil moisture product, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 204, 2018, Pages 931-941, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.025.
2017
Shobe, C. M., Hancock, G. S., Eppes, M. C., & Small, E. E. (2017). Field evidence for the influence of weathering on rock erodibility and channel form in bedrock rivers., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42(13), 1997-2012. doi:10.1002/esp.4163.
Wobus, C., Small, E. E., Hosterman, H., Mills, D., Stein, J., Rissing, M., . . . Martinich, J. (2017). Projected climate change impacts on skiing and snowmobiling: A case study of the United States., Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 45, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvha.2017.04.006.
Raleigh, M. S., and Small, E. E. (2017), Snowpack density modeling is the primary source of uncertainty when mapping basin-wide SWE with lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3700-3709, doi:10.1002/2016GL071999.
2016
Shellito, P. J., Small, E. E., Colliander, A., Bindlish, R., Cosh, M. H., Berg, A. A., Bosch, D. D., Caldwell, T. G., Goodrich, D. C., McNairn, H., Prueger, J. H., Starks, P. J., van der Velde, R., and Walker, J. P. (2016), SMAP soil moisture drying more rapid than observed in situ following rainfall events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 8068-8075, doi:10.1002/2016GL069946.
Shellito, P. J., Small, E. E., and Cosh, M. H., (2016), Calibration of Noah Soil Hydraulic Property Parameters Using Surface Soil Moisture from SMOS and Basinwide In Situ Observations, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 17, 2275-2292, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-15-0153.1.
Cosh, M. H., T. E. Ochsner, L. McKee, J. Dong, J. B. Basara, S. R. Evett, C. E.Hatch, E. E. Small, S. C. Steele-Dunne, M. Zreda, C. Sayde (2016) The Soil Moisture Active Passive Marena, Oklahoma, In Situ Sensor Testbed (SMAP-MOISST): Testbed Design and Evaluation of In Situ Sensors, Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2015.09.0122.
Small, E. E., K. M. Larson, C. C. Chew, J. Dong and T. E. Ochsner, (2016) Validation of GPS-IR Soil Moisture Retrievals: Comparison of Different Algorithms to Remove Vegetation Effects, IEEE JSTARS, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2504527
K. M. Larson; E. E. Small, (2016) Estimation of Snow Depth Using L1 GPS Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data, IEEE JSTARS, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2508673.
Q. Chen, D. Won, D. M. Akos, E. E. Small, (2016) Vegetation Sensing Using GPS Interferometric Reflectometry: Experimental Results With a Horizontally Polarized Antenna, IEEE JSTARS, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2565687
S. K. Chan et al., (2016) Assessment of the SMAP Passive Soil Moisture Product, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2561938.
2015
Small, E. E., *T. Blom, G. S. Hancock, B. M. Hynek, and C. W. Wobus, (2015), Variability of rock erodibility in bedrock-floored stream channels based on abrasion mill experiments, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 120, doi:10.1002/2015JF003506.
Chew, C. C., and E. E. Small (2015), An algorithm for soil moisture estimation using GPS-interferometric reflectometry for bare and vegetated soil, GPS Solutions, doi: 10.1007/s10291-015-0462-4
Chew, C. C., and E. E. Small, K.M. Larson, V.U. Zavorotny, (2015), Vegetation Sensing Using GPS-Interferometric Reflectometry: Theoretical Effects of Canopy Parameters on Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2364513
2014
Chew, C. C., and E. E. Small (2014), Terrestrial water storage response to the 2012 drought estimated fromGPS vertical position anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi:10.1002/2014GL061206
S.G. Evans, E.E. Small & K.M. Larson (2014), Comparison of vegetation phenology in the western USA determined from reflected GPS microwave signals and NDVI, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35:9, 2996-3017, DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2014.894660
Huda, S. A., and E. E. Small (2014), Modeling the effects of bed topography on fluvial bedrock erosion by saltating bed load, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 119, 1222–1239, doi:10.1002/2013JF002872
K. M. Larson and E. E. Small (2014), Normalized Microwave Reflection Index: A Vegetation Measurement Derived From GPS Networks, IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 7, NO. 5, MAY 2014: 1501-1511
McCreight, J. L., E. E. Small, and K. M. Larson (2014), Snow depth, density, and SWE estimates derived from GPS reflection data: Validation in the western U. S., Water Resour. Res., 50, 6892–6909, doi:10.1002/ 2014WR015561
E. E. Small, K. M. Larson, and W. K. Smith (2014), Normalized Microwave Reflection Index: Validation of Vegetation Water Content Estimates From Montana Grasslands, IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 7, NO. 5, MAY 2014: 1512-1521
W. Wan, . M. Larson, E. E. Small, C. C. Chew, J. J. Braun (2014), Using geodetic GPS receivers to measure vegetation water content, GPS Solut, DOI 10.1007/s10291-014-0383-7
McCreight, J.L., Small, E.E. (2014), Modeling bulk density and snow water equivalent using daily snow depth observations. The Cryosphere 8(2): 521-536. doi: 10.5194/tc-8-521-2014
2013
K. M. Larson and E. E. Small, (2013), Using GPS to Study the Terrestrial Water Cycle, Eos, Vol. 94, No. 52, 24 December 2013: 505–512
Pugh, E.T., Small, E.E. (2013), The impact of beetle-induced conifer death on stand-scale canopy snow interception. Hydrology Research 44.4: 644-657. doi: 10.2166/nh.2013.097
Chew, C.C., Small, E.E., Larson, K.M., Zavorotny, V.U. (2013), Effects of Near-Surface Soil Moisture on GPS SNR Data: Development of a Retrieval Algorithm for Soil Moisture. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2242332
Jones, M.O., Kimball, J.S., Small, E.E., Larson, K.M. (2013), Comparing land surface phenology derived from satellite and GPS network microwave remote sensing. International Journal of Biometeorology doi: 10.1007/s00484-013-0726-z
Ochsner, T.E., Cosh, M.H., Cuenca, R.H., Dorigo, W.A., Draper, C.S., Hagimoto, Y., Kerr, Y.H., Larson, K.M., Njoku, E.G., Small, E.E., Zreda, M. (2013), The state of the art in large-scale soil moisture monitoring. Soil Science Society of America Journal doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.03.0093
2012
Báez, S., Collins, S.L., Pockman, W.T., Johnson, J.E., and Small, E.E. (2012), Effects of experimental rainfall manipulations on Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland plant communities. Oecologia doi: 10.1007/s00442-012-2552-0
Pugh, E.T. and Small, E.E. (2012), The impact of pine beetle infestation on snow accumulation and melt in the headwaters of the Colorado River. Ecohydrology 5: 467-477. doi: 10.1002/eco.239
2011
Hancock, G., Small, E.E., and Wobus, C. (2011), Modeling the effects of weathering on bedrock-floored channel geometry. Journal of Geophysical Research 116: F03018. doi: 10.1029/2010JF001908
Venkat, L., Seungbum, H., Small, E.E., and F. Chen (2011), The influence of the land surface on hydrometeorology and ecology: new advances from modeling and satellite remote sensing. Hydrology Research, 42(2-3): 95-112.
2010
Small, E. E., K. M. Larson, and J. J. Braun (2010), Sensing vegetation growth with reflected GPS signals. Geophysical Research Letters, L12401, doi:10.1029/2010GL042951.
Gutmann, E. D., and E. E. Small (2010), A Method for the Determination of the Hydraulic Properties of Soil from MODIS Surface Temperature for use in Land Surface Models. Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2009WR008203.
Pockman, W. T. and E. E. Small (2010), The influence of spatial patterns of soil moisture on the grass and shrub responses to a summer rainstorm in a Chihuahuan Desert ecotone. Ecosystems, 13(4), 511-525.
Larson, K. M., J. J. Braun, E. E. Small, V. U. Zavorotny, E. D. Gutmann, and A. L. Bilich (2010), GPS Multipath and Its Relation to Near-Surface Soil Moisture Content, Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 3(1), 91-99.
Zavorotny, V. U., K. M. Larson, J. J. Braun, E. E. Small, E. D. Gutmann, and A. L. Bilich (2010), A Physical Model for GPS Multipath Caused by Land Reflections: Toward Bare Soil Moisture Retrievals, Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 3(1), 100-110.
2009
Hong, S. B., V. Lakshmi, E. E. Small, F. Chen, M. Tewari, and K. W. Manning (2009), Effects of vegetation and soil moisture on the simulated land surface processes from the coupled WRF/Noah model, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 114.
2008
Bedford, D. R., and E. E. Small (2008), Spatial patterns of ecohydrologic properties on a hillslope-alluvial fan transect, central New Mexico, Catena, 73(1), 34-48.
Larson, K. M., E. E. Small, E. D. Gutmann, A. L. Bilich, J. J. Braun, and V. U. Zavorotny (2008), Use of GPS receivers as a soil moisture network for water cycle studies, Geophysical Research Letters, 35(24).
Larson, K. M., E. E. Small, E. Gutmann, A. Bilich, P. Axelrad, and J. Braun (2008), Using GPS multipath to measure soil moisture fluctuations: initial results, GPS Solutions, 12(3), 173-177.
Mayor, A. G., S. Bautista, E. E. Small, M. Dixon, and J. Bellot (2008), Measurement of the connectivity of runoff source areas as determined by vegetation pattern and topography: A tool for assessing potential water and soil losses in drylands, Water Resources Research, 44(10).
Montandon, L. M., and E. E. Small (2008), The impact of soil reflectance on the quantification of the green vegetation fraction from NDVI, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(4), 1835-1845.
Small, E. E., and J. R. McConnell (2008), Comparison of soil moisture and meteorological controls on pine and spruce transpiration, Ecohydrology, 1(3), 205-214.
2007
Kurc, S. A., and E. E. Small (2007), Soil moisture variations and ecosystem-scale fluxes of water and carbon in semiarid grassland and shrubland, Water Resources Research, 43(6).
Gutmann, E. D., and E. E. Small (2007), A comparison of land surface model soil hydraulic properties estimated by inverse modeling and pedotransfer functions, Water Resources Research, 43(5).
Hong, S., V. Lakshmi, and E. E. Small (2007), Relationship between vegetation biophysical properties and surface temperature using multisensor satellite data, Journal of Climate, 20(22), 5593-5606.
2006
Peters, D. P. C., J. R. Gosz, W. T. Pockman, E. E. Small, R. R. Parmenter, S. L. Collins, and E. Muldavin (2006), Integrating patch and boundary dynamics to understand and predict biotic transitions at multiple scales, Landscape Ecology, 21(1), 19-33.
Turner, D. P., W. D. Ritts, M. S. Zhao, S. A. Kurc, A. L. Dunn, S. C. Wofsy, E. E. Small, and S. W. Running (2006), Assessing interannual variation in MODIS-based estimates of gross primary production, Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7), 1899-1907.
Xie, H. J., X. B. Zhou, J. M. H. Hendrickx, E. R. Vivoni, H. D. Guan, Y. Q. Tian, and E. E. Small (2006), Evaluation of NEXRAD Stage III precipitation data over a semiarid region, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 42(1), 237-256.
2005
Small, E. E. (2005), Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater recharge in semiarid environments of the southwestern United States, Water Resources Research, 41(4).
Turner, D. P., et al. (2005), Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring, Global Change Biology, 11(4), 666-684.
Xie, H. J., X. B. Zhou, E. R. Vivoni, J. M. H. Hendrickx, and E. E. Small (2005), GIS-based NEXRAD Stage III precipitation database: automated approaches for data processing and visualization, Computers & Geosciences, 31(1), 65-76.
Gutmann, E. D., and E. E. Small (2005), The effect of soil hydraulic properties vs. soil texture in land surface models, Geophysical Research Letters, 32(2).
Huxman, T. E., B. P. Wilcox, D. D. Breshears, R. L. Scott, K. A. Snyder, E. E. Small, K. Hultine, W. T. Pockman, and R. B. Jackson (2005), Ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment, Ecology, 86(2), 308-319.
Matsui, T., V. Lakshmi, and E. E. Small (2005), The effects of satellite-derived vegetation cover variability on simulated land-atmosphere interactions in the NAMS, Journal of Climate, 18(1), 21-40.
2004
Phillips F. M., Walvoord M. A., and Small E. E. (2004) Effects of environmental change on groundwater recharge in the Desert Southwest, Groundwater Recharge in a Desert Environment: The Southwestern United States (F. M. Phillips, J. F. Hogan, and B. R. Scanlon; eds.), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., p. 273-294.
Huxman, T. E., et al. (2004), Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency, Nature, 429(6992), 651-654.
Kurc, S. A., and E. E. Small (2004), Dynamics of evapotranspiration in semiarid grassland and shrubland ecosystems during the summer monsoon season, central New Mexico, Water Resources Research, 40(9).
Xu, J. J., W. J. Shuttleworth, X. Gao, S. Sorooshian, and E. E. Small (2004), Soil moisture-precipitation feedback on the North American monsoon system in the MM5-OSU model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 130(603), 2873-2890.
Xu, J. J., X. Gao, J. Shuttleworth, S. Sorooshian and E. E. Small (2004), Model Climatology of the North American Monsoon Onset Period during 1980-2001. Journal of Climate, 17(20), 3892-3906.
2003
Small, E. E., and S. A. Kurc (2003), Tight coupling between soil moisture and the surface radiation budget in semiarid environments: Implications for land-atmosphere interactions, Water Resources Research, 39(10).
Matsui, T., V. Lakshmi, and E. Small (2003), Links between snow cover, surface skin temperature, and rainfall variability in the North American monsoon system, Journal of Climate, 16(11), 1821-1829.
Bhark, E. W., and E. E. Small (2003), Association between plant canopies and the spatial patterns of infiltration in shrubland and grassland of the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, Ecosystems, 6(2), 185-196.
Weltzin, J. F., et al. (2003), Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to potential changes in precipitation, Bioscience, 53(10), 941-952.
2002
Xu, J. J., and E. E. Small (2002), Simulating summertime rainfall variability in the North American monsoon region: The influence of convection and radiation parameterizations, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D23).
2001
Small, E. E., L. C. Sloan, and D. Nychka (2001), Changes in surface air temperature caused by desiccation of the Aral Sea, Journal of Climate, 14(3), 284-299.
Small, E. E., F. Giorgi, L. C. Sloan, and S. Hostetler (2001), The effects of desiccation and climatic change on the hydrology of the Aral Sea, Journal of Climate, 14(3), 300-322.
Morrill, C., E. E. Small, and L. C. Sloan (2001), Modeling orbital forcing of lake level change: Lake Gosiute (Eocene), North America, Global and Planetary Change, 29(1-2), 57-76.
Small, E. E. (2001), The influence of soil moisture anomalies on variability of the North American monsoon system, Geophysical Research Letters, 28(1), 139-142.
2000
Pal, J. S., E. E. Small, and E. A. B. Eltahir (2000), Simulation of regional-scale water and energy budgets: Representation of subgrid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 105(D24), 29579-29594.
Hostetler, S. W., P. J. Bartlein, P. U. Clark, E. E. Small, and A. M. Solomon (2000), Simulated influences of Lake Agassiz on the climate of central North America 11,000 years ago, Nature, 405(6784), 334-337.
1999
Hostetler, S. W., and E. E. Small (1999), Response of North American freshwater lakes to simulated future climates, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), 1625-1637.
Small, E. E., F. Giorgi, and L. C. Sloan (1999), Regional climate model simulation of precipitation in central Asia: Mean and interannual variability, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 104(D6), 6563-6582.
Small, E. E., R. S. Anderson, and G. S. Hancock (1999), Estimates of the rate of regolith production using Be-10 and Al-26 from an alpine hillslope, Geomorphology, 27(1-2), 131-150.
Small, E. E., L. C. Sloan, S. Hostetler, and F. Giorgi (1999), Simulating the water balance of the Aral Sea with a coupled regional climate-lake model, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 104(D6), 6583-6602.
1998
Small, E. E., and R. S. Anderson (1998), Pleistocene relief production in Laramide mountain ranges, western United States, Geology, 26(2), 123-126.
1997
Abbott, L. D., E. A. Silver, R. S. Anderson, R. Smith, J. C. Ingle, S. A. Kling, D. Haig, E. Small, J. Galewsky, and W. Sliter (1997), Measurement of tectonic surface uplift rate in a young collisional mountain belt, Nature, 385(6616), 501-507.
Small, E. E., R. S. Anderson, J. L. Repka, and R. Finkel (1997), Erosion rates of alpine bedrock summit surfaces deduced from in situ Be-10 and Al-26, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150(3-4), 413-425.
1995
Small, E. E., and R. S. Anderson (1995), Geomorphically driven late Cenozoic rock uplift in the Sierra Nevada, California, Science, 270(5234), 277-280.
Small, E. E. (1995), Hypsometric forcing of stagnant ice margins: Pleistocene valley glaciers, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, Geomorphology, 14(2), 109-121.
